From Germany:
| State, Money and Currency | | Print | |
| 17/08/2011 |
| What is a "state"? What is meant by a "legal tender"? And what does the term "currency"? The surprising answers to these supposedly "dumb" questions can be found in this post, which also reveals that the Euro is invalid and the "FRG" was not a state. Norbert Knobloch A state is by definition under international law (Montevideo Convention of 26 12th, 1933) an entity that have at least the following characteristics or conditions must satisfy:
(The classic state law doctrine called only the first three features [three-phase theory] Sovereignty is not a defining characteristic of a state;.. Neither a minimum size of the territory is determined states can persist even when under the effects of occupation makes available, are so occupied Historical and current example. The Second German Reich on 17 07th 1990 in Paris, de jure resolved "BRD" [U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III] and "DDR" [Foreign Minister of USSR Shevardnadze. ] were never sovereign states, but constructs temporary occupation of the four victorious powers of World War II) "Money" as a medium of exchange is determined by a sovereign state by the constitution and law, or of an occupying power (after the Hague Regulations of 1907) to tender in the respective currency area and thus to the public good and to the statutory payment. (See Green, AVR [Public international law] 14 [1969/70], 190 [so-called "Rhodesia banknotes case"]) A "legal tender" is a tender, filled with the legally valid under the law of a State's monetary obligation and thus it can be redeemed. Then one speaks of a statutory obligation to accept payment with schuldbefreiendem. Constraint is the assumption that everyone who moves in that currency area, must accept this means of payment in exchange for its goods and services or monetary claims against third parties. Conversely to this assumption, the duty is entitled to ask after all, and insist that his monetary claims are settled with legal tender. This includes but legally not preclude the use of every other medium of exchange can be agreed for payment: in private contracts that is allowed under freedom of contract are used by agreement of each payment; only taxes, fees and charges must be paid with legal tender. (This fact is for the construction of a private monetary system on gold and silver as "civil disobedience", as "civilian" self-defense "and as a resistance in accordance with Article 20, paragraph 4 of the" Basic Law for the "Federal Republic of Germany," "against the constitutional and international law obligations and counterfeiting of the euro currency system is very important!) The privilege and the authority to print banknotes, are among the fundamental rights granted to a legally (ie under international law) acknowledged, that a sovereign state. A colony, a protectorate or a busy state may / may not issue its own currency. The on behalf of a sovereign state issued money is under international law, which in turn is part of international law (International Public Law), a public institution, a public good - and "Legal tender for all debts, public and private". (See, eg, U.S. dollars: "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private") A bank note is in accordance with international law, a promissory note of a State, a public interest promissory note (see, eg, British pound sterling, " I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ... ") So central banks enjoy immunity under international law (see United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property before the International court of 2 December 2004, UN Document A / RES/58/38, 16th 12th 2004, Annex 10, Article 21, Paragraph 1 item [c] and the Judgement of the Swiss Federal Tribunal of 24 April 1985 [BGE 111 1A 62]). National and International Law (Legal Tender Laws) provide, therefore, that must be on every banknote certain characteristics:
(Except for the rather second-rate is characteristic of the details of the nominal or market value, the serial number and the security features are nothing of the invalid euro notes: The euro is not lawful money (lawful money) are still legal tender (legal tender) nor state currency, but still unofficial, but illegal / unlawful "public tender", which is no longer legal tender! [See also the contribution of the author of 20 12th 2010 '€ is invalid? " http://www.mmnews.de/index.php/wirtschaft/7001-ist-der-euro-ungueltig ]) A currency is the currency having the government has determined to be legal tender for its territory. The currency area corresponds to the territory for which the particular kind of money is set officially. The currency area is, therefore, the scope of a currency. De jure, the finance practice, de facto, but from the private central banks control the currency and the monetary policies of present-day nation-states. Central banks have in almost all industrialized countries almost unlimited power and almost complete autonomy, the government did not accept or only in very small impact on the financial policies of central banks can influence. There are two types of currencies: Currencies and bound or unbound Covered or Uncovered currencies. Metal-backed currencies are currencies that are either precious metals as gold and silver coins in circulation or the circulating spare cash, mostly in the form of paper money, banknotes, can be re-exchanged for these precious metals. A distinction is again between Monometallistischen and bimetallic currencies. In the first currency only serves as a precious metal currency, currency in the second two precious metals are used as currency. A bimetallic currency may take the form of a dual-currency or a parallel currency. In the case of the double standard exists between the two precious metals, mostly gold and silver, an arbitrarily fixed exchange ratio. The downside and the problem is, however, that the ratio between the two metals is constantly changing and so the nominal exchange rate deviates from the real. In the case of the parallel currency exchange rate ratio is not fixed artificially, there are de facto two currencies side by side. Unsecured currencies are not tied to precious metals; a legal right to the exchange of cash into gold and silver does not exist. The money is theoretically and practically at will and indefinitely multiplied and reducible, where it controlled the private central banks / banks have the money, "of course" in their own interest. The money is created by central banks in a monopoly, controlled and destroyed -. Suit their own needs this is the cause of inflation and deflation. And that is by definition fascism: the dictatorship of capital and high finance. Central banks are an invention of the planned economy and incompatible with a free market. Socialism and communism and capitalism are just different forms of the same principle: Both systems rely on centrally controlled planned economy, and differ only in that a central committee or a central bank controlled the economy and the politics and manipulation. Both systems are so centralized and therefore fascist. By systematically and methodically driven fraud mechanism inflation (too much money) - deflation (too little money), alternately artificially generated, disenfranchised and dispossessed, steals and robs the private financiers regularly working, taxpaying citizen of nation states and enriched himself incessantly and infinite - in money and power. The arbitrary change in the money in circulation (character) set by the private central banks and is the central lever for the exercise of power by organized crime money. If the value of money, so the purchasing power, remain stable, must sign the money amount is not - never! - Be artificially manipulated, ie increased or decreased. Otherwise, the money can not fulfill its primary function, and the owner is defrauded of his just rewards: The real and most important function of money is earned through a self-service legal right to equal consideration to ensure perpetual and undiminished. Completely fulfilled, the money that his main task, it is true, good money. Does it fulfill this task incompletely or not at all, so that the holder is through hard work achieved and (the bill) guaranteed entitlement loses partially or completely, it is inferior or worthless "money", therefore, pseudo-"money": fake money, or counterfeit money. Only a true bimetallic standard, in which all property claims relate back to gold and silver, that all banknotes gold and silver certificates are good for, a real currency! Since the abolition of the gold backing of the U.S. dollar in 1971, almost all currencies are unsecured. This means that the so-called "money" almost all currencies, not a "money" is more, but counterfeit money: Real money (gold and silver coins) is abolished and replaced with false "credit"! In reality, there are now more than ever no money and no more credit! |
